Rollo, Count of Rouen

Rollo, known as Rollo "the Walker", was a Viking leader who became the first ruler of Normandy, a region in present-day northern France. He was involved in the Viking siege of Paris in 885–886 and emerged as a leader among Norsemen who established a foothold in the lower Seine Valley after the Siege of Chartres in 911. Rollo's rule began when Charles the Simple, king of West Francia, granted him land between the river Epte and the sea in exchange for his allegiance and conversion to Christianity.

Rollo's life and exploits were recorded by Dudo of St. Quentin, although the accuracy of these accounts is debated among historians. His origins are uncertain, with some sources suggesting he was from Denmark or Norway. He is first documented in a charter of 918 as the leader of Viking settlers in Normandy. Rollo's reign in Normandy lasted until at least 928, and he was succeeded by his son, William Longsword.

Rollo's descendants, known as the Normans, intermingled with the local Frankish and Gallo-Roman populations. This integration led to the establishment of a distinct Norman identity. Over the next two centuries, the Normans expanded their influence, eventually ruling England, parts of Ireland, Sicily, and Antioch. Rollo's descendants included William the Conqueror, who played a pivotal role in European history.

The name Rollo is believed to be a Latinisation of the Old Norse name Hrólfr, supported by historical texts such as the Gesta Danorum. Rollo took the baptismal name Robert upon his conversion to Christianity. His marriage to Poppa of Bayeux produced his heir, William Longsword, and possibly a daughter named Gerloc. The details of his marriage to Gisela of France remain uncertain.

Rollo's conversion to Christianity marked the beginning of the Christianisation of the Norse settlers in Normandy. Although initially formal, this conversion eventually led to the widespread adoption of Christianity among the Normans. Rollo dedicated lands to God and the church, reflecting his vision for a Christian future for his people.

Rollo's rule involved securing and expanding his territory through strategic alliances and military strength. His agreement with Charles the Simple included a pledge to defend the Seine estuary from other Viking raiders. This alliance with the Franks allowed Rollo to consolidate his power and establish a stable political entity in Normandy.

Rollo died in 933 and was buried in Rouen Cathedral. He was succeeded by his son, William Longsword, who continued to rule Normandy.