Matilda of Scotland

Matilda of Scotland, originally named Edith, was born in 1080 to King Malcolm III of Scotland and Margaret of Wessex. Educated at a convent in southern England, she was forced to wear a veil by her aunt Christina, the abbess. Her engagement to an English nobleman ended when her father and brother were killed in 1093, leading to a succession conflict in Scotland. Matilda's marriage to Henry I of England in 1100 helped legitimize his rule due to her Anglo-Saxon heritage.

As Queen consort, Matilda was active in governance, acting as regent during Henry's absences in 1104, 1107, 1108, and 1111. She was involved in building projects and served as a mediator with the Church. Her court was known for its literary and artistic patronage. Matilda and Henry had two children, Empress Matilda and William Adelin, linking her to future English and British monarchs.

Matilda's marriage to Henry I was initially controversial due to her time in a convent, but a council concluded she had never taken holy vows. Her coronation took place on 11 November 1100, where she adopted the regnal name Matilda. She maintained a cultured court and was remembered fondly by her subjects.

Matilda of Scotland died on 1 May 1118 at Westminster Palace and was buried in Westminster Abbey. Her death preceded a succession crisis following the death of her son William Adelin in 1120.