King William II of England

William II, also known as William Rufus, was King of England from 26 September 1087 until his death in 1100. He also had powers over Normandy and influence in Scotland, although he had less success in extending control into Wales. As the third son of William the Conqueror, he was known for his ruddy appearance or red hair. His complex temperament was marked by bellicosity and flamboyance. William did not marry or have children, leading to speculation about his sexuality. His death occurred under suspicious circumstances when he was hit by an arrow while hunting, with some suspecting murder by his younger brother, Henry I, who succeeded him.

Historian Frank Barlow described William as lacking natural dignity or social graces and being addicted to various vices. Despite these criticisms, he was acknowledged as a wise ruler and victorious general. He maintained order and justice in England, restored peace to Normandy, and extended Anglo-Norman rule in Wales. His rule was characterized by strong leadership, as he managed to overcome rebellions and maintain his authority in both England and Normandy.