c. 1142 - 4 December 1214
House: House of Dunkeld
Titles: King of Alba
William I, also known as William the Lion, reigned as King of Alba from 1165 to 1214. Born around 1142, he was the son of Henry of Scotland and Ada de Warenne. He became heir presumptive after the death of his father and the subsequent passing of his grandfather, King David I. William's reign began after the death of his brother Malcolm IV in 1165.
William's reign included efforts to regain the Earldom of Northumbria, which he lost to Henry II of England in 1157. His involvement in the Revolt of 1173–1174 against Henry II led to his capture at the Battle of Alnwick. As a result, he was forced to sign the Treaty of Falaise, acknowledging Henry as his feudal superior and paying a substantial ransom.
William secured the independence of the Scottish church from English claims by obtaining a papal bull in 1188. He expanded his influence in the northern regions of Scotland, establishing castles and quelling rebellions. His marriage to Ermengarde de Beaumont in 1186 produced several children, including his successor, Alexander II.
William I died on 4 December 1214 at the age of 71 or 72 and was buried at Arbroath Abbey. He was succeeded by his son, Alexander II.
Death: Died at age 71 or 72, buried at Arbroath Abbey.
Reign: 48 years and 360 days
Children: Margaret, Isabella, Alexander II, Marjorie, Isabella, and numerous illegitimate children.
Marriages: Ermengarde de Beaumont
Parents: Henry of Scotland, Ada de Warenne