Robert II of France

Robert II, often referred to as the Pious or the Wise, served as King of the Franks from 996 until his death in 1031, marking the second ruler from the Capetian dynasty. Initially crowned as Junior King in 987, he actively supported his father, King Hugh Capet, in military campaigns, such as the sieges of Laon. Educated by Gerbert of Aurillac, who later became Pope Sylvester II, Robert II was well-versed in religious matters, presiding over various councils and maintaining pivotal alliances with the Duchy of Normandy and the County of Anjou. His lengthy reign witnessed concerted efforts to expand the royal domain, notably his successful struggle to claim the Duchy of Burgundy.

Robert II’s marital life was complex, involving three marriages, two of which were annulled. His religious devotion was highlighted through generous donations to religious institutions and acts of charity, earning him a reputation as a ‘miracle worker.’ Despite his piety, his later years were troubled by familial conflicts, including revolts led by his wife Constance and his sons Henry and Robert. The exact details of his birth are not well-documented, with historians suggesting the year 972 in Orléans as probable.