Philip I of France

Philip I, also known as the Amorous, served as King of the Franks from 1060 until his death in 1108. His reign was marked by a significant length compared to his early Capetian predecessors. During his tenure, he achieved a modest revival of the monarchy from the decline experienced under his father, Henry I, and expanded his royal domain by annexing the Vexin region and the viscountcy of Bourges.

Born in Champagne-et-Fontaine to Henry I and Anne of Kiev, Philip was named by his Greek-origin mother and became king at seven, with his mother and Baldwin V of Flanders acting as regents until he was fourteen. His rule involved quelling vassal rebellions and making peace with William the Conqueror in 1077. He did not initially support the First Crusade due to a conflict with Urban II, but his brother was a key participant. His personal life was tumultuous, involving the repudiation of his first wife, Bertha of Holland, and a controversial marriage to Bertrade de Montfort, which led to his excommunication.