James V of Scotland

James V of Scotland, born on 10 April 1512, was crowned King of Scotland at seventeen months old following his father James IV’s death. His mother, Margaret Tudor, initially served as regent until her remarriage, after which John Stewart, Duke of Albany, took over. James’s personal rule commenced in 1528 after escaping the custody of his stepfather, Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus. He quickly exiled Angus and seized the Douglases’ lands. James V enhanced his income by consolidating control over royal estates and profits from justice, customs, and feudal rights. He established the College of Justice in 1532 and tackled lawlessness in the Borders and Hebrides. James V’s diplomatic significance grew amid the power plays of France, England, and the Holy Roman Empire, leading to two advantageous French marriages. He fathered at least nine illegitimate children with various mistresses. The king engaged in diplomatic efforts with Irish nobles, was offered the kingship of Ireland, and was a patron of the arts, investing in the construction of royal residences.