Eleanor of Aquitaine

Eleanor of Aquitaine, also known as Aliénor, Éléanor, and several other variants, was born around 1124 and became the Duchess of Aquitaine from 1137 until her death in 1204. She was Queen of France through her marriage to King Louis VII from 1137 until their annulment in 1152, and subsequently Queen of England as the spouse of King Henry II from 1154 until his death in 1189. Eleanor was one of the wealthiest and most influential women of her time in Western Europe, having inherited a vast estate that made her the Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right. She played a significant role in the politics and culture of the High Middle Ages, being actively involved in the Second Crusade and later in a revolt in favor of her son. As a cultural patron, she supported poets and artists, significantly contributing to the arts of the period.

Eleanor’s personal life was marked by her marriages to two kings and the birth of several children, including future monarchs. Her marriage to Louis VII of France produced two daughters, but the lack of a male heir led to the annulment of their marriage. Shortly thereafter, she married Henry II of England, with whom she had eight children, including two kings of England, Richard I and John. Her relationship with Henry II was complex, leading to estrangement and her eventual imprisonment. After Henry’s death, she acted as regent for her son Richard I during his participation in the Third Crusade and played a crucial role in securing his release from captivity. Eleanor’s impact extended beyond her lifetime, influencing political alliances and cultural developments in medieval Europe.