Alfred the Great

Alfred the Great was born around 849 in Wantage, Berkshire, as the youngest son of King Æthelwulf and Osburh. He had several older brothers who reigned before him, including Æthelbald, Æthelberht, and Æthelred. Alfred's early life included a journey to Rome, where he was confirmed by Pope Leo IV.

Alfred became King of the West Saxons in 871 following the death of his brother Æthelred. He fought against Viking invasions, achieving a decisive victory at the Battle of Edington in 878. This victory led to an agreement with the Vikings, dividing England between Anglo-Saxon territory and the Danelaw.

After reoccupying London, Alfred began to style himself as the King of the Anglo-Saxons. He introduced administrative and military reforms, including the establishment of fortified towns known as burhs. Alfred also focused on improving the legal system and promoting education, establishing a court school for nobles and commoners.

Alfred encouraged the translation of important Latin texts into English. He was described as a learned and merciful ruler, with a gracious and level-headed nature. His efforts in education and legal reform aimed to improve the quality of life for his people.

Alfred married Ealhswith in 868, and they had several children, including Edward the Elder and Æthelflæd. His family connections extended to Mercia through his wife, whose mother was a member of the Mercian royal family. Alfred's lineage was traced back to the rulers of the Isle of Wight through his mother, Osburh.

Alfred suffered from a painful illness throughout his life, possibly Crohn's disease or haemorrhoids. He continued to lead his kingdom effectively until his death. His burial took place at Hyde Abbey in Winchester, where his remains were later moved.

Alfred died on 26 October 899 at the age of 50 or 51, and he was buried at Hyde Abbey in Winchester. He was succeeded by his son, Edward the Elder.